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Linux | Transfer storage space between two LVM partitions on one hard disk

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Environment

  • CentOS 7 running on VMware
  • one SATA hard disk

Introduction

One day, a CentOS told me its hard disk space is full, but I can’t add extra storage with expansion drives at the moment. After checking out the vm, I knew its storage was managed with LVM, the root / and /home were mounted separately in different logical volumes, the error report came from the root /, but /home still had enough space, so I can transfer the space of /home to /.

Operations

Backup home >> Unmount home >> Remove home >> Move the space of home to / >> Make a new home >> Format home >> Done

The commands which I used:

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df -h　　　　　　    # Check disk space
lsblk　　　　　　　  # Check device block
fdisk -l            # Check partitions info
lvremove\lvcreate   # Add and remove logical volume
lvdisplay\vgdisplay\pvdisplay   # Display logical volume/volume group/physical volume
xfs_growfs          # load xfs_growfs

Backup and remove /home

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[root@test33 ~]# df -h
Filesystem           Size  Used Avail  Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/cl-root  230G  230G   20K  100% /
devtmpfs             1.9G     0  1.9G    0% /dev
tmpfs                1.9G     0  1.9G    0% /dev/shm
tmpfs                1.9G  9.2M  1.9G    1% /run
tmpfs                1.9G     0  1.9G    0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/sda1           1014M  239M  776M   24% /boot
/dev/mapper/cl-home   66G   33M   66G    1% /home
tmpfs                380M   12K  380M    1% /run/user/42
overlay              230G  230G   20K  100% /var/lib/docker/overlay2/e439b425de8d1312a33938d8bfc4fbeb445759e36ea1bda36de7d9a0ba9562df/merged
overlay              230G  230G   20K  100% /var/lib/docker/overlay2/2bbaf357045ec30e9e8f729f6c82784a41353e43209ec9484e40e03a7fe36647/merged
overlay              230G  230G   20K  100% /var/lib/docker/overlay2/b78940a1c074d763256e2279599c5ad43066f16121af11b9af502c7adedc2e65/merged
overlay              230G  230G   20K  100% /var/lib/docker/overlay2/afe2f63c026b30d1fe5da5d481eefa40acc2c0308b5ebd32705df197477911e5/merged
shm                   64M     0   64M    0% /var/lib/docker/containers/9dd9255c8c8bb5e3260a45d5c89e575cdaca90e8649f4e14c69e405382dc3c83/mounts/shm
shm                   64M     0   64M    0% /var/lib/docker/containers/b6d7a17c93493bf150fa417b63ded2ec5db1a62c436a689fb7557f9270e61b23/mounts/shm
shm                   64M     0   64M    0% /var/lib/docker/containers/f54bb5d50c4a055ef34cf55cb98425fca073a1f46a13042e7567219d6e015e31/mounts/shm
shm                   64M     0   64M    0% /var/lib/docker/containers/edc22af86393c9b0d8fcb59f60144e2f309a0e45fda676997e13eb2d6680dd5b/mounts/shm
tmpfs                380M     0  380M    0% /run/user/0
[root@test33 ~]# lsblk
NAME        MAJ:MIN RM  SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
fd0           2:0    1    4K  0 disk
sda           8:0    0  500G  0 disk
├─sda1        8:1    0    1G  0 part /boot
├─sda2        8:2    0  119G  0 part
│ ├─cl-root 253:0    0  230G  0 lvm  /
│ ├─cl-swap 253:1    0  3.9G  0 lvm  [SWAP]
│ └─cl-home 253:2    0 65.1G  0 lvm  /home
├─sda3        8:3    0   80G  0 part
│ └─cl-root 253:0    0  230G  0 lvm  /
└─sda4        8:4    0  100G  0 part
  └─cl-root 253:0    0  230G  0 lvm  /
sr0          11:0    1 1024M  0 rom
[root@test33 ~]# mkdir /tmp/home
[root@test33 ~]# cp -r /home/* /tmp/home
[root@test33 ~]# umount /home
[root@test33 ~]# lvremove /dev/mapper/cl-home
Do you really want to remove active logical volume cl/home? [y/n]: y
  Logical volume "home" successfully removed
[root@test33 ~]# lsblk
NAME        MAJ:MIN RM  SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
fd0           2:0    1    4K  0 disk
sda           8:0    0  500G  0 disk
├─sda1        8:1    0    1G  0 part /boot
├─sda2        8:2    0  119G  0 part
│ ├─cl-root 253:0    0  230G  0 lvm  /
│ └─cl-swap 253:1    0  3.9G  0 lvm  [SWAP]
├─sda3        8:3    0   80G  0 part
│ └─cl-root 253:0    0  230G  0 lvm  /
└─sda4        8:4    0  100G  0 part
  └─cl-root 253:0    0  230G  0 lvm  /
sr0          11:0    1 1024M  0 rom

Scenario One: free all the /home, then don’t remount /home again

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[root@test33 ~]# lvextend -l +100%FREE /dev/mapper/cl-root
  Size of logical volume cl/root changed from 295.00 GiB (75520 extents) to 295.11 GiB (75549 extents).
  Logical volume cl/root successfully resized.
[root@test33 ~]# xfs_growfs /dev/mapper/cl-root
meta-data=/dev/mapper/cl-root    isize=512    agcount=24, agsize=3276800 blks
         =                       sectsz=512   attr=2, projid32bit=1
         =                       crc=1        finobt=0 spinodes=0
data     =                       bsize=4096   blocks=77332480, imaxpct=25
         =                       sunit=0      swidth=0 blks
naming   =version 2              bsize=4096   ascii-ci=0 ftype=1
log      =internal               bsize=4096   blocks=6400, version=2
         =                       sectsz=512   sunit=0 blks, lazy-count=1
realtime =none                   extsz=4096   blocks=0, rtextents=0
data blocks changed from 77332480 to 77362176
[root@test33 ~]# sudo vi /etc/fstab
// comment out the mounting of /home
[root@test33 ~]# sudo mount -a

Scenario Two: only free part of the /home, then remount /home

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[root@test33 ~]# lvextend -L 295G /dev/mapper/cl-root
  Size of logical volume cl/root changed from <230.00 GiB (58879 extents) to 295.00 GiB (75520 extents).
  Logical volume cl/root successfully resized.
[root@test33 ~]# xfs_growfs /dev/mapper/cl-root
meta-data=/dev/mapper/cl-root    isize=512    agcount=19, agsize=3276800 blks
         =                       sectsz=512   attr=2, projid32bit=1
         =                       crc=1        finobt=0 spinodes=0
data     =                       bsize=4096   blocks=60292096, imaxpct=25
         =                       sunit=0      swidth=0 blks
naming   =version 2              bsize=4096   ascii-ci=0 ftype=1
log      =internal               bsize=4096   blocks=6400, version=2
         =                       sectsz=512   sunit=0 blks, lazy-count=1
realtime =none                   extsz=4096   blocks=0, rtextents=0
data blocks changed from 60292096 to 77332480
[root@test33 ~]# ls /dev/cl
root  swap
[root@test33 ~]# lvcreate -l +100%free -n home cl
  Logical volume "home" created.
[root@test33 ~]# ls /dev/cl
home  root  swap
[root@test33 ~]# mkfs.xfs /dev/cl/home
meta-data=/dev/cl/home           isize=512    agcount=4, agsize=7424 blks
         =                       sectsz=512   attr=2, projid32bit=1
         =                       crc=1        finobt=0, sparse=0
data     =                       bsize=4096   blocks=29696, imaxpct=25
         =                       sunit=0      swidth=0 blks
naming   =version 2              bsize=4096   ascii-ci=0 ftype=1
log      =internal log           bsize=4096   blocks=855, version=2
         =                       sectsz=512   sunit=0 blks, lazy-count=1
realtime =none                   extsz=4096   blocks=0, rtextents=0
[root@test33 ~]# ls /dev/mapper/
cl-home  cl-root  cl-swap  control
[root@test33 ~]# mount /dev/mapper/cl-home /home

[root@test33 ~]# lsblk
NAME        MAJ:MIN RM  SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
fd0           2:0    1    4K  0 disk
sda           8:0    0  500G  0 disk
├─sda1        8:1    0    1G  0 part /boot
├─sda2        8:2    0  119G  0 part
│ ├─cl-root 253:0    0  295G  0 lvm  /
│ ├─cl-swap 253:1    0  3.9G  0 lvm  [SWAP]
│ └─cl-home 253:2    0  116M  0 lvm  /home
├─sda3        8:3    0   80G  0 part
│ └─cl-root 253:0    0  295G  0 lvm  /
└─sda4        8:4    0  100G  0 part
  └─cl-root 253:0    0  295G  0 lvm  /
sr0          11:0    1 1024M  0 rom
[root@test33 ~]# fdisk -l
Disk /dev/sda：536.9 GB, 536870912000 bytes，1048576000 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disklabel type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x000b5a9c

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sda1   *        2048     2099199     1048576   83  Linux
/dev/sda2         2099200   251658239   124779520   8e  Linux LVM
/dev/sda3       251658240   419430399    83886080   83  Linux
/dev/sda4       419430400   629145599   104857600   83  Linux

Disk /dev/mapper/cl-root：316.8 GB, 316753838080 bytes，618659840 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes


Disk /dev/mapper/cl-swap：4160 MB, 4160749568 bytes，8126464 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes


Disk /dev/mapper/cl-home：121 MB, 121634816 bytes，237568 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

[root@test33 ~]# df -h
Filesystem           Size  Used Avail  Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/cl-root  295G  225G   71G   77% /
devtmpfs             1.9G     0  1.9G    0% /dev
tmpfs                1.9G     0  1.9G    0% /dev/shm
tmpfs                1.9G   18M  1.9G    1% /run
tmpfs                1.9G     0  1.9G    0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/sda1           1014M  239M  776M   24% /boot
tmpfs                380M   12K  380M    1% /run/user/42
overlay              295G  225G   71G   77% /var/lib/docker/overlay2/b78940a1c074d763256e2279599c5ad43066f16121af11b9af502c7adedc2e65/merged
shm                   64M     0   64M    0% /var/lib/docker/containers/9dd9255c8c8bb5e3260a45d5c89e575cdaca90e8649f4e14c69e405382dc3c83/mounts/shm
tmpfs                380M     0  380M    0% /run/user/0
overlay              295G  225G   71G   77% /var/lib/docker/overlay2/57f869e119cb2f7fdd412f015eefee639b997e1638c456129ed4e21c47cf397c/merged
shm                   64M     0   64M    0% /var/lib/docker/containers/09a9262208972446b9f3bb2e97838ebf22c2f1e66090618593e8cafd8b86a000/mounts/shm
overlay              295G  225G   71G   77% /var/lib/docker/overlay2/ae47756e9851081ad120a06dbfea8cba4275d9297c44863b4f9410bd000de412/merged
overlay              295G  225G   71G   77% /var/lib/docker/overlay2/2420c90bd4403953c535b70aa3d06891c58092398681c9fc5be202b5ad67bb2e/merged
overlay              295G  225G   71G   77% /var/lib/docker/overlay2/c612edf73c386189365a6583f41090802f6b2a4cd5e88cb3ca22e3a526d7d612/merged
shm                   64M     0   64M    0% /var/lib/docker/containers/c06950567393ef037c649b9ce2f0e19052e0e3c418acdc7eeed9b5330c166b1c/mounts/shm
shm                   64M     0   64M    0% /var/lib/docker/containers/ccf645e71a455df8802e8b83884b96bc81857852031593e7fd5ddef1c89d903e/mounts/shm
shm                   64M     0   64M    0% /var/lib/docker/containers/2ffab189252844eb7f444b75191e6988fe622adc88e0f87a8c16b7b61f254a99/mounts/shm
overlay              295G  225G   71G   77% /var/lib/docker/overlay2/06d76af657c7c0f7a2b11759af09e62b31f5d4ba62b923692a61677f6ad87b21/merged
shm                   64M     0   64M    0% /var/lib/docker/containers/bf10d736de9b8c209c11c9f25a3d30bb415701c9c2b750aa95a4e31994524405/mounts/shm
overlay              295G  225G   71G   77% /var/lib/docker/overlay2/a01fa0fba6e4b5cfa2972da7878af59852aa75a10808fa20f06e285a57ca92a1/merged
overlay              295G  225G   71G   77% /var/lib/docker/overlay2/35a81c327fd00e51bceed151fb35967c35d24338ec5dd3ed9086fc384c7f7803/merged
shm                   64M     0   64M    0% /var/lib/docker/containers/89f265fbf738ce64e4ab923d3e8d27cdad599106c6dcc1de55802d2c72ff70c9/mounts/shm
shm                   64M     0   64M    0% /var/lib/docker/containers/16026f7e55b6b5338478caff0613564f56b56e0a41495377d9b298091e1a57f3/mounts/shm
/dev/mapper/cl-home  113M  6.1M  107M    6% /home

Recovery /home

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[root@test33 ~]# cp -r /tmp/home/* /home/
[root@test33 ~]# rm -rf /tmp/home

Reference

https://www.cnblogs.com/-abm/p/11349240.html

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